Concave adjustment mechanism

ABSTRACT

A combine harvester where opposing concaves on either side of a rotor of a processing system substantially simultaneously travel symmetrical paths. The concaves of the processing system may be pivotally supported on a rockshaft where the axis of the rockshaft moves in a generally vertical manner so that the concaves then move generally radially toward or away from the rotor.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to the crop processing systems of combine harvesters.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present U.S. application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/642,155, filed Dec. 18, 2009 and entitled “COMBINE HARVESTER PROCESSING SYSTEM HAVING ADJUSTABLE CONCAVES ON A SUSPENSION SYSTEM”, which is incorporated herein by reference, and having been filed concurrently with the present application.

BACKGROUND

In one type of processing system the crop travels axially parallel to and helically around the rotational axis of one or more rotary processing devices commonly referred to as rotors. In other systems, during at least a portion of its travel through the system the crop travels in a transverse or tangential direction relative to the rotational axis of a rotary processing device commonly referred to as a threshing cylinder. In each case, grain is processed between elements affixed to the periphery of the rotary device and arcuate, usually foraminous, stationary processing members in the form of threshing concaves or separating grates that partially wrap around the lower portion of the device.

Because processing systems are utilized to harvest a wide variety of different crops and must function properly in many different operating conditions, it is important to be able to conveniently and accurately adjust the running clearance in the region between the rotary processing devices and stationary processing members to best accommodate these variables. However, it is also important to provide a way of suitably changing the cross-sectional shape of such regions as the running clearance is adjusted whereby to assure that proper processing action is obtained throughout the range of adjustment. While systems using axial flow have somewhat different specific requirements from system using transverse flow due to their different principles of operation, they can both benefit from an ability to appropriately adjust the cross-sectional shape of their processing regions as the running clearance is increased or decreased.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a combine harvester having a processing system utilizing axial flow and incorporating the principles of the present invention, portions of the harvester being broken away to reveal internal details of construction;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a concave of the processing system within the harvester of FIG. 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a left side isometric view of the concave of FIG. 2 according to an alternative embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a left side isometric rear view of a guide assembly of a suspension system within the combine harvester of FIG. 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the guide assembly of FIG. 5 according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a left rear isometric view of the processing system in the open position without the rotor according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of the processing system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a left rear isometric view of the processing system similar to FIG. 6 but illustrating the concaves in their fully closed position minimizing the running clearance between the rotor and the concaves;

FIG. 9 is a front elevational view of the processing system of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a close-up isometric view from underneath the processing system of the front guide and the rockshaft with the concaves in the closed position according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a close-up rear isometric view of the rear guide and the rockshaft with the concaves in the closed position according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a close-up rear view of the opposite side of the rear guide and the rockshaft with the concaves in the closed position according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a rear elevational view of the processing system similar to FIG. 7 but illustrating substantially equal gaps of a distance d between the concaves in their fully open position and the rotor when maximizing the running clearance between the rotor and the concaves; and

FIG. 14 is a graph illustrating the distance d of the gaps between the concaves and the rotor as the concaves move over time.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms. While the drawings illustrate and the specification describes certain preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that such disclosure is by way of example only. There is no intent to limit the principles of the present invention to the particular disclosed embodiments. References hereinafter made to certain directions, such as, for example, “front”, “rear”, “left” and “right”, are made as viewed from the rear of the harvester looking forwardly.

The exemplary combine harvester 10 selected for illustration in FIG. 1 has a single axial flow processing system 12 that extends generally parallel with the path of travel of the machine. However, as will be seen, the principles of the present invention are not limited to harvesters with processing systems designed for axial flow, nor to axial flow harvesters having only a single such processing system. However, for the sake of simplicity in explaining the principles of the present invention, this specification will proceed utilizing a single axial flow processing system as the primary example.

As well understood by those skilled in the art, in the illustrated embodiment combine harvester 10 includes a harvesting header (not shown) at the front of the machine that delivers collected crop materials to the front end of a feeder house 14. Such materials are moved upwardly and rearwardly within feeder house 14 by a conveyer 16 until reaching a beater 18 that rotates about a transverse axis. Beater 18 feeds the material upwardly and rearwardly to a rotary processing device, in this instance to a rotor 22 having an infeed auger 20 on the front end thereof. Auger 20, in turn, advances the materials axially into the processing system 12 for threshing and separating. In other types of systems, conveyor 16 may deliver the crop directly to a threshing cylinder.

Generally speaking, the crop materials entering processing system 12 move axially and helically therethrough during threshing and separating. During such travel the crop materials are threshed and separated by rotor 22 operating in cooperation with preferably foraminous processing members in the form of threshing concaves 24 and separator grate assemblies 26, with the grain escaping laterally through concaves 24 and grate assemblies 26 into cleaning mechanism 28. Bulkier stalk and leaf materials are retained by concaves 24 and grate assemblies 26 and are impelled out the rear of processing system 12 and ultimately out of the rear of the machine. A blower 30 forms part of the cleaning mechanism 28 and provides a stream of air throughout the cleaning region below processing system 12 and directed out the rear of the machine so as to carry lighter chaff particles away from the grain as it migrates downwardly toward the bottom of the machine to a clean grain auger 32. Auger 32 delivers the clean grain to an elevator (not shown) that elevates the grain to a storage bin 34 on top of the machine, from which it is ultimately unloaded via an unloading spout 36. A returns auger 37 at the bottom of the cleaning region is operable in cooperation with other mechanism (not shown) to reintroduce partially threshed crop materials into the front of processing system 12 for an additional pass through the system.

The combine includes a framework around the processing system 12 that preferably includes a front bulkhead and a center bulkhead where the concaves 24 are supported between the front and center bulkheads. The grates 26 are preferably supported between the center bulkhead and a rear bulkhead. As shown in FIG. 1 both the concaves 24 and grate assemblies 26 together concentrically receive the rotor 22 to serve as part of processing system 12. A pair of opposite facing, end-to-end concaves 24, which are the forwardmost concaves 24, are illustrated in FIGS. 6-9. However, it is preferable that the processing system 12 includes six pairs (total of twelve) substantially identical concaves 24 coupled within the combine 10 with one concave of each pair of concaves 24 positioned side-by-side along one side of the rotor 22 and the other concave of each pair of concaves 24 positioned side-by-side on the opposite side of the rotor 22. The concaves 24 are preferably of similar or substantially identical construction as described in greater detail below.

One or more concaves 24 include a cradle-like frame having a pair of arcuate, elongated and laterally spaced apart side rails 40 as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Each concave 24 includes a plurality of transverse bars 42 that span the side rails 40. The transverse bars 42 cooperate with a series of longitudinally extending, laterally spaced apart, curved rods 46 in defining apertures for the concave 24 through which grain may pass. The upper edges of transverse bars 42 project above the longitudinally extending curved rods 46 so as to provide a stepped threshing surface that cooperates with rasp-like elements on the rotating rotor 22 for threshing and separating the grain from cobs, husks, and other crop materials. The width of concave 24 is such that a plurality of concaves 24 can be installed side-by-side in the combine 10 and so that projecting overhangs at ends of one or more of the transverse bars 42 are operable to bear against each between adjacent concaves 24 are installed side-by-side in the combine. The overhangs of each transverse bar 42 also provide a continuous surface when the concaves 24 are installed side-by-side in the combine.

In one or more embodiments, a pair of laterally spaced transverse ends walls 48 extend between the side rails 40 and are rigidly affixed thereto. In another embodiment, an endmost transverse bar 52 can act as an end wall. As best shown in FIG. 4, at an upper end of the concave 24, the end wall 48 includes one or more mounting holes to be aligned with mounting holes in an axially extending support members, such as angle members 52, 54 so that the concaves 24 can be securely mounted at their uppermost ends with fasteners.

Although the combine 10 may also include separator grate assemblies 26, none of the grate assemblies 26 are mounted for adjusting movement in a radial direction toward and away from rotor 22 in the particular illustrated embodiments, it is within the principles of the present invention to make grates 26 adjustable in the same manner as concaves 24. In the illustrated embodiments, each separator grate 26 is fixed to framework surrounding the rotor 22.

Each concave assembly 24 wraps around a portion of the bottom of rotor 22 in a circumferential direction and is adapted to move generally in a substantially symmetrical and concentric manner toward and away from rotor 22. A distal portion of each side rail 40 of each concave 24 extends outward beyond the endmost transverse bar 42 so that the lower end of each concave 24 may be received and carried by an axial extending common support assembly 60.

In one embodiment, as best shown in FIG. 3, the common support assembly includes a common axial shaft such as a fore-and-aft extending rockshaft 62 below the rotor 22. Preferably the rockshaft 62 is a machine shaft designed to rock back and forth. The rockshaft 62 may also have a support member 66 along its length on its underside if additional rigidity is desired as best shown in FIGS. 6, 8 and 10-12.

Preferably, the distal ends of one or more side rails 40 includes hook-shaped lugs 70 so that the hook-shaped lugs 70 rest on top of the rockshaft 62. At least a portion of the shape of each lug 70 conforms to at least an upper portion of the circumference of the elongated support bar 62. Preferably the inner diameter of the lug 70 substantially conforms to a portion of the outer diameter of the rockshaft 62. When the concaves 24 move toward or away from the rotor 22, the distal portions of the side rails 40 rotate about a portion of the circumference of rockshaft 62.

As best shown in FIG. 3, the support assembly 60 includes another elongated shaft 76 so that the distal portions of the side rails 40 of the concaves may be received between the rockshaft 62 upon which the concaves 24 rest and the other elongated shaft 76 which acts to retain the distal ends of the side rails 40. Both the rockshaft 62 and the elongated shaft 76 of the common support assembly 60 may be pivotally affixed to one another by spacing members such as tie straps 78 extending therebetween. In such case, the tie straps 78 are configured to define a first aperture sized for receiving the rockshaft 62 therethrough and define a second aperture sized for receiving the elongated shaft 76 therethrough. Preferably the elongated shaft 76 is fixed within the second aperture of each tie strap 78.

The concave assemblies 24 are moved adjustably toward and away from rotor 22 by operating mechanism broadly denoted by numeral 80. Operating mechanism 80 functions to substantially simultaneously adjust the pair of opposite facing concaves 24 relative to rotor 22 so as to adjust the running clearance between rotor 22 and concaves 24 and to change the shape of the threshing region. The primary component of operating mechanism 80 is an actuator 82 located near the left front of processing system 12 and is preferably coupled to a spring 56 mounted with a bracket 58 on the forward bulkhead 84, but may be located elsewhere. Preferably, actuator 82 is remotely operable, such as from the cab of harvester 10. In one preferred embodiment, actuator 82 comprises an electrically powered linear actuator. However, that actuator 82 could comprise a number of different devices, such as a hydraulic cylinder or a turnbuckle, for example.

A rod 68 coupled to the spring 56 extends to a linkage 72 which pivots about fixed pivot point 73. The lever 90 pushes actuator 82 upward when the concaves 24 are moved away from the rotor 22. Thus, the operating mechanism 80 with actuator 82 may be moved up to permit the concaves 24 to shift downward away from the rotor 22 if a foreign object or an excessive amount of crop flow is ingested by the processing system 12. Preferably an adjustable nut at the top of the rod 68 on top of the spring 56 controls how close the operating mechanism 80 is allowed to let the concaves 24 get to the rotor 22. When the large load or obstruction enters at the front of the processing system 12, the rod 68 is moved upward to compress the spring 56 to accommodate the large load or obstruction. As the large load or obstruction proceeds through the processing system 12 toward the rear of the combine 10, the spring 56 is compressed to accommodate the large load or obstruction. Thus, as the large load or obstruction passes from the front to the rear of the processing system, the operating mechanism 80 with actuator 82 compresses the spring 56 so that the concaves 24 may move away from the rotor 22. Thus, each pair of concaves 24 coupled to the angle members 52, 54 along the length of the processing system 12 is able to be adjusted to accommodate the large load or obstruction.

A control rod 88 of actuator 82 is connected pivotally coupled at its end to an end of lever 90 that also forms a part of operating mechanism 80. The lever 90 is also pivotally coupled at its other end to the rockshaft 62. Rockshaft 62 is journaled at its ends for rotation within a guide such as guide plates 92. A guide plate 92 is connected to the forward bulkhead 84 and also the center bulkhead 98 of the combine framework. Preferably, each end of the rockshaft 62 is journaled in guide blocks 94 configured to translate in substantially vertical guide slots 96 in the guide plates 92. The guide slots 96 are substantially vertically oriented so that the movement of the rockshaft 62 in the guide slots 96 raises and lowers the pair of concaves 24 relative the rotor 22. However, the rockshaft 62 may be supported by any means possible which is suitable for allowing the rockshaft 62 to rotate as well as translate as a result of movement initiated by the operating mechanism 80.

The guide plates 94 also include substantially horizontal guide slots 102 for receiving and retaining a second set of guide blocks 104. The lever 90 also is pivotally coupled to one of the guide blocks 104. When the actuator 82 is actuated, movement of the lever 90 causes the guide blocks 104 to translate in the guide slots 102 and the guide blocks 94 to translate in guide slots 96 which raises and lowers the pair of concaves 24 relative the rotor 22. Preferably both sets of guide blocks 94, 104 slide in their respective guide slots 96, 102. However, it is within the scope of this invention that the guide blocks 94, 104 may also roll in said guide slots 96, 102. Also, although the present invention describes substantially vertical and horizontal slots 96, 102, the guide slots may be oriented differently relative to one another so long as the pair of concaves 24 may be raised and lowered relative the rotor 22 in a symmetrical and concentric manner.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the pair of concaves 24 in a fully open position relative the rotor 22 when the rod 88 of the actuator 82 is not extended and the lever 90 therefore urges the blocks 104 to the left in guide slots 102 of guide plates 92 when viewed from the rear of the combine 10. Also, the guide blocks 94 are urged into their lowermost position in guide slots 96 by the lever 90.

FIGS. 8-12 illustrate the pair of concaves 24 in a fully closed position relative the rotor 22 when the rod 88 of the actuator 82 is extended. The lever 90 therefore urges the blocks 104 to the right in guide slots 102 of guide plates 92 when viewed from the rear of the combine 10. Also, the guide blocks 94 are urged into their uppermost position in guide slots 96 by the lever 90. FIG. 10 illustrates a close-up view of the forward guide plate 92 from underneath the processing system 12 and the positions of the guide blocks 94, 104 in their respective guide slots 96,102 when the concaves 24 are raised into the closed position. FIG. 11 illustrates a close-up view of the rear guide plate 92 and the positions of the guide blocks 94, 104 in their respective guide slots 96,102 when the concaves 24 are raised into the closed position. As best shown in FIG. 12 from underneath and at the rear of the processing system 12, a link 86 is pivotally coupled to the guide block 94 and the guide block 104 with rockshaft 62 such that the guide blocks 94, 104 in the rear guide plate 92 cooperate and respond with one another in their movement as do the guide blocks 94, 104 in the forward guide plate 92 with the lever 90.

One or more guide assemblies 106 each define a guide slot 108. Preferably there are two oppositely spaced guide assemblies 106 at the front of the processing system 12 affixed to the backside of the forward bulkhead 84 on opposite sides of the rotor 22. Another two oppositely spaced guide assemblies 106 are affixed to the front of the center bulkhead on opposite sides of the rotor 22. The guide slot 108 defined by each guide assemblies 106 is configured to permit generally up and down sliding movement of the support members 52, 54. The guide slots 108 may receive and retain a stop block 110 such as a plastic or rubber stop block on an arm 112 which are coupled to the angle members 52, 54 and cooperate with the guide assemblies 106 when received and retained in the guide slots 108 so that the range of up and down motion is limited. Alternatively, a bearing may be coupled to the angle members 52, 54 to be received and retained in the guide slots 108 while rolling in the guide slots 108.

Preferably, as best shown in FIG. 5, the guide assemblies 106 have a first portion 114 and a second portion 116 that cooperate with one another when assembled together to define the guide slot 108. The first portion 114 includes an upturned portion 120 that defines one side of the guide slot 108 and the second portion 116 includes another upturned portion 122 that defines the opposite side of the guide slot 108. When the first portion 114 and second portion 116 are assembled together the second portion 116 overlaps the first portion 114 so that mounting holes in each portion are aligned to receive fasteners to affix the guide assemblies 106 to the respective bulkhead. In one embodiment, ends 124, 126 of the up turned portion 122 of the second portion 116 are turned inward to substantially become parallel to one another and define the upper and lower translational limits of the guide slot 108.

As best shown in FIGS. 6-12, movement of the operating mechanism 80 causes the common support assembly 60 to move along a generally vertical direction. The lugs 70 of each concave 24 are pivotally mounted on the rockshaft 62 which allows the concaves 24 to shift as they are moved toward or away from the rotor 22. The guide assemblies 106 and the guide plates 92 cooperatively maintain the concaves 24 in a substantially concentric relationship relative to the rotor 22. Consequently, when actuator 82 extends and retracts, motion is imparted to rockshaft 62 which in turn allow the concaves to simultaneously pivot upon the rockshaft 62 and slide in guide slots 108. The combination of the pivoting and sliding action causes the threshing region between rotor 22 and the pair of concaves 24 to be reshaped appropriately as the running clearance is adjusted.

As illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 9, rotor 22 rotates in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed from the front of the combine 10. Thus, as crop materials are introduced into the front end of processing system 12, they move helically within and about the rotor housing in a counter-clockwise direction. The threshing action occurs in a threshing region located generally in the bottom half of the processing system 12, between the periphery of rotor 22 and concave assemblies 24.

When actuator 82 is extended, the concaves 24 are substantially simultaneously moved inwardly toward rotor 22 as best shown in FIG. 9. A converging, generally wedge-shaped inlet to the threshing region for crop materials coming around rotor 22 is denoted broadly by the numeral 158. The wedge-shaped inlet 158 tapers in the direction of rotation at one end of the threshing region. An opposite, diverging, generally wedge-shaped outlet from the threshing region is denoted by the numeral 160. A gap at the top of the pair of concaves 24 is greater than the gap at the bottom of the pair of concaves 24 when the pair of concaves 24 are in the closed position relative the rotor 22 such that the wedge-shaped inlet 158 and the wedge-shaped outlet 160 are generally defined between the pair of concaves 24 and the rotor 22.

In the illustrated embodiment, in the minimum clearance position of FIG. 7 the concaves 24 are concentric with rotor 22 over an arc of approximately sixty degrees on opposite sides of and symmetrical with the common support assembly 60. To increase threshing and separating aggressiveness, the area of concentricity could be extended significantly beyond sixty degrees such as, for example, to one hundred twenty degrees.

As the concaves 24 are adjusted toward the fully open position, the threshing region is simultaneously reshaped to thereby decrease the aggressiveness of the threshing action in that area. While the concaves 24 of each pair of concaves 24 are moved away from rotor 22 no more than approximately seventy-five percent of full open adjustment, the pair of concaves 24 and the rotor 22 remain substantially concentric and gaps between the pair of concaves 24 and the rotor 22 are substantially the same at the top of the pair of concaves 24 and at the bottom of the pair of concaves 24. In the event the rotor 22 needs to be unplugged, the operator may adjust the concaves 24 beyond seventy-five percent into a more fully open position so that the concaves 24 go beyond concentricity which allows the operator the ability to unplug the rotor 22. When moving the concaves 24 between fully open and fully closed positions, the concaves of the pair of concaves 24 travel a symmetrical path relative to one another.

FIG. 13 is a rear elevational view of the processing system 12 similar to FIG. 7. FIG. 13 illustrates substantially equal gaps of a distance d between the concaves 24 in their fully open position and the rotor 22 when maximizing the running clearance between the rotor 22 and the concaves 24. The top right and left distances, as well as the bottom right and left distance are all approximately the same distance d. FIG. 14 is a graph illustrating the distance d of the gaps between the concaves 24 and the rotor 22 as the concaves 24 move over time from a closed position into an open position. When the concaves 24 are in the fully closed position, as about zero seconds, the bottom right and left distances (represented by the lower line) approach approximately zero whereas the top right and left distances (represented by the upper line) are approximately between 20 and 30 millimeters. The graph of FIG. 14 also illustrates that the distances between the top right and left as well as the bottom right and left converge over time. Between approximately 30 and 40 millimeters the distance between the top right and left as well as the bottom right and left should be measured at about the same distance d as the concaves approach an open position, of approximately seventy-five percent of fully open, for optimally operating the processing system 12 for processing crops. In the example, the concaves 24 took approximately 15 seconds to reach the fully open position with a distance d of approximately 35 mm between the top right and left as well as the bottom right and left.

The foregoing has broadly outlined some of the more pertinent aspects and features of the present invention. These should be construed to be merely illustrative of some of the more prominent features and applications of the invention. Other beneficial results can be obtained by applying the disclosed information in a different manner or by modifying the disclosed embodiments. Accordingly, other aspects and a more comprehensive understanding of the invention may be obtained by referring to the detailed description of the exemplary embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in addition to the scope of the invention defined by the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A combine harvester having a crop processing rotor, comprising: a pair of opposite facing concaves extending at least partially beneath the rotor in a circumferential manner and moveable generally in a symmetrical and concentric manner therefrom; a rockshaft having rotational movement about an axis and substantially radial movement relative the rotor, wherein both rotational and radial movement of said rockshaft causes said pair of concaves pivotally coupled thereon to move in a generally vertical direction to move said pair of concaves toward or away from the rotor; and a guide for movement of said rockshaft in a generally vertical direction, wherein said guide comprises a guide plate having a generally vertical slot for moveably receiving and retaining said rockshaft, wherein said rockshaft translates up and down in said slot when said pair of concaves move toward or away from the rotor.
 2. The combine harvester of claim 1 wherein each concave of said pair of concaves substantially simultaneously travel symmetrical paths relative to one another when said pair of concaves move toward or away from the rotor.
 3. The combine harvester of claim 1 further comprising a hold down member cooperating with said rockshaft to detachably retain said concaves resting on said rockshaft.
 4. The combine harvester of claim 1 further comprising a spring coupled to said pair of concaves, wherein said spring is compressed when said concaves are moved away from the rotor as a foreign object passes between at least one of said concaves and the rotor.
 5. The combine harvester of claim 1 wherein said rockshaft slides up and down in said slot.
 6. The combine harvester of claim 1 further comprising a lever pivotally coupled at one end to said rockshaft and another end pivotally coupled and moveable within a generally horizontal slot in said guide plate, said other end of said lever having translational movement in said horizontal slot, wherein said rotational movement of said rockshaft, said translational movement of said rockshaft along said vertical slot, in combination with the translational movement of said other end of said lever in said horizontal slot moves said pair of concaves toward or away from the rotor in substantially a vertical manner.
 7. The combine harvester of claim 6 wherein said rockshaft in said vertical slot is in a lowermost position when said concaves are in their lowermost position.
 8. The combine harvester of claim 6 wherein said other end of said lever in said horizontal slot is in a lateralmost position relative the rotor when said concaves are in their lowermost position.
 9. The combine harvester of claim 6 wherein said rockshaft in said vertical slot is in an uppermost position when said concaves are in their uppermost position.
 10. The combine harvester of claim 6 wherein said other end of said lever in said horizontal slot is in closest proximity to the rotor when said concaves are in their uppermost position.
 11. The combine harvester of claim 6 wherein said slots are substantially perpendicular to one another.
 12. The combine harvester of claim 6 wherein said slots provide straight line motion.
 13. The combine harvester of claim 1 further comprising a lever having a first pivot corresponding with an axis of said rockshaft and a second pivot corresponding with an axis substantially parallel to said axis of said rockshaft, said axis of said rockshaft having translational movement in a first direction and said other axis having translational movement in a second direction.
 14. The combine harvester of claim 1 wherein said pair of concaves is detachably and pivotally coupled at a common axial location on said rockshaft.
 15. The combine harvester of claim 1 wherein said guide comprises a guide plate having a generally vertical slot for moveably receiving and retaining a guide block coupled to said rockshaft, said guide block sliding generally up and down in said slot when said pair of concaves move toward or away from the rotor.
 16. The combine harvester of claim 1 wherein said guide includes a generally horizontal slot.
 17. A combine harvester having a crop processing rotor, comprising: a pair of opposite facing concaves extending at least partially beneath the rotor in a circumferential manner and moveable generally in a symmetrical and concentric manner therefrom; a rockshaft having rotational movement about an axis and substantially radial movement relative the rotor, wherein both rotational and radial movement of said rockshaft causes said pair of concaves pivotally coupled thereon to move in a generally vertical direction to move said pair of concaves toward or away from the rotor; and a hold down member cooperating with said rockshaft to detachably retain said concaves resting on said rockshaft, wherein said concaves of said pair of concaves comprise side rails having distal ends defining a circumferentially extending hook-shaped lug received on said rockshaft to provide pivoting movement of said concaves about said rockshaft.
 18. The combine harvester 17 wherein said concaves are detachably coupled to said rockshaft.
 19. The combine harvester of claim 17 wherein each concave of said pair of concaves substantially simultaneously travel symmetrical paths relative to one another when said pair of concaves move toward or away from the rotor.
 20. The combine harvester of claim 17 further comprising a spring coupled to said pair of concaves, wherein said spring is compressed when said concaves are moved away from the rotor as a foreign object passes between at least one of said concaves and the rotor.
 21. The combine harvester of claim 17 wherein said pair of concaves is both pivotally coupled at a common axial location and translationally coupled at separate laterally spaced locations for generally radial movement relative to the rotor.
 22. The combine harvester of claim 17 wherein each concave of said pair of concaves is substantially identical.
 23. The combine harvester of claim 17 wherein either concave of said pair of concaves may be utilized on either side of the rotor.
 24. The combine harvester of claim 17 wherein said pair of concaves may be utilized in a side-by-side manner on either side of the rotor.
 25. The combine harvester of claim 17 wherein said concaves of a plurality of pairs of concaves are arranged in both a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction.
 26. The combine harvester of claim 25 wherein one of any of said concaves may be removed and exchanged with any other of said concaves in said combine.
 27. The combine harvester of claim 17 further comprising a guide assembly having a first portion and a second portion cooperating with one another to define a guide slot to permit translational movement of said pair of concaves.
 28. The combine harvester of claim 27 further comprising a pair of axially extending support members alongside the rotor for detachably affixing said pair of concaves in spaced proximity to the rotor, slots of a plurality of said guide assemblies receiving said support members to permit generally only up and down sliding movement of said support members.
 29. The combine harvester of claim 28 wherein said first portion includes an upturned portion and said second portion includes an upturned portion, both said upturned portions at least partial opposing one another to define said guide slot when said first and second portions at least partially overlap one another.
 30. The combine harvester of claim 17 wherein gaps between said pair of concaves and the rotor are substantially the same at a top of said pair of concaves and at a bottom of said pair of concaves when said pair of concaves are in an open position relative the rotor, and wherein said gap at said top of said pair of concaves is greater than said gap at said bottom of said pair of concaves when said pair of concaves are in a closed position relative the rotor such that a wedge shaped inlet and a wedge shaped outlet are generally defined between said pair of concaves and the rotor when said pair of concaves are in said closed position.
 31. A combine harvester having a crop processing rotor, comprising: a pair of opposite facing concaves extending at least partially beneath the rotor in a circumferential manner and moveable generally in a symmetrical and concentric manner therefrom; a rockshaft having rotational movement about an axis and substantially radial movement relative the rotor, wherein both rotational and radial movement of said rockshaft causes said pair of concaves pivotally coupled thereon to move in a generally vertical direction to move said pair of concaves toward or away from the rotor; and a spring coupled to said pair of concaves, wherein said spring is compressed when said concaves are moved away from the rotor as a foreign object passes between at least one of said concaves and the rotor.
 32. The combine harvester of claim 31 further comprising a guide for movement of said rockshaft in a generally vertical direction.
 33. The combine harvester of claim 31 wherein said pair of concaves are pivotally coupled at a common axial location.
 34. The combine harvester of claim 31 wherein said pair of concaves is translationally coupled at separate laterally spaced locations.
 35. The combine harvester of claim 34 wherein said pair of concaves is slidably coupled at said laterally spaced locations.
 36. The combine harvester of claim 31 wherein each concave of said pair of concaves substantially simultaneously travel symmetrical paths relative to one another when said pair of concaves move toward or away from the rotor.
 37. The combine harvester of claim 31 further comprising an adjustable nut interacting with the spring to control how close the concaves get to the rotor. 